Antonio Gramsci and Feminism The Elusive Nature of Power

The article in question dwells upon feminism in terms of political and private life. Ledwith contemplates her experiences and reveals her way to understanding the essence of such concepts as feminism, oppression and hegemony. The author touches upon several important issues which can help people to look at the feminist movement from a different perspective.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Antonio Gramsci and Feminism: The Elusive Nature of Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, Ledwith argues that woman are suppressed on different levels, e.g. in their private lives as well as in the political life of their countries (686). The author reflects upon her experience as an activist of an organization. Ledwith admits that men did not take them seriously, and even women were not interested in any political activity (690). The author argues that women are so inert as they are taught to be like that. Led with articulates a very interesting idea that education is that hegemonic power which makes women feel subordinate and which trains â€Å"agents of the state to maintain the status quo† (695). The author also touches upon the link between capitalism and patriarchy. However, one of the major findings of the article is the author’s three-dimensional model which can help to â€Å"explore the intersections of oppression, thereby identifying potential sites of liberation† (Ledwith 694). These dimensions are difference (race, gender, class, etc.), contexts (political, economic, cultural, etc.) and levels (national, local, global, etc.). Admittedly, this three-dimensional model provides a comprehensive pattern which can be used to analyze such notions as feminism and hegemony. It is important to note that Ledwith has touched upon issues which have been discussed by many researchers. Thus, the author focuses on hegemony and oppression. The author claims that oppression is present on every level (political and private life). Harris also deals with the oppression he has witnessed being an educator and being biracial (212). The author states that he as well as other biracial people is suppressed on some occasions, but this oppression can be diminished as the societies develop and people are more open now. Fine and Johnson also touch upon the topic of oppression in their article (203). The authors contemplate their own experiences as their family is multinational.Advertising Looking for critical writing on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fine and Johnson notice various constraints their African American sons have to endure (206). Finally, Huling et al. also dwell upon developing relationships between women of less privileged classes (85). The four articles focus on quite different facets of oppression. However, they also have much in common. In the first place, the articles revea l personal experiences of the authors. Another striking similarity is that the four articles reveal the great importance of education (be it a formal education or education within a family) in forming the right outlook in young people. The authors claim that young people will soon be able to reshape the world which is now characterized by oppression and hegemony. The four articles are extremely important for the field of Communication Studies as the articles reveal personal experience of authors who touch upon important issues concerning gender, race, class, etc. These articles can be helpful as they reveal specific behavioral patterns which can be useful to develop proper communication across cultures, genders, races, etc. One can work out specific communication patterns which will be helpful in the modern world. Discussion Question: Based on the article by Ledwith, explore different types of oppressions in terms of the three-dimensional model. Works Cited Fine, Marlene, and Fern J ohnson. â€Å"Creating a Family across Race and Gender Borders.† Our Voices: Essays in Culture, Ethnicity, and Communication. Eds. Alberto Gonzalez, Marsha Houston, and Victoria Chen. New York, NY: Roxbury Publishing Company, 2011. 202-210. Print. Harris, Tina M. â€Å"I Know It Was the Blood: Defining the Biracial Self in a Euro-American Society.† Our Voices: Essays in Culture, Ethnicity, and Communication. Eds. Alberto Gonzalez, Marsha Houston, and Victoria Chen. New York, NY: Roxbury Publishing Company, 2011. 210-216. Print.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Antonio Gramsci and Feminism: The Elusive Nature of Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Huling, Nekita, Creshema Murray, and Marsha Houston. â€Å"Sister-Friends: Reflections on Black Women’s Communication in Intra- and Intercultural Friendships.† Our Voices: Essays in Culture, Ethnicity, and Communication. Eds. Alb erto Gonzalez, Marsha Houston, and Victoria Chen. New York, NY: Roxbury Publishing Company, 2011. 85-93. Print. Ledwith, Margaret. â€Å"Antonio Gramsci and Feminism: The Elusive Nature of Power.† Educational Philosophy and Theory 41.6 (2009): 684-697. Print. This critical writing on Antonio Gramsci and Feminism: The Elusive Nature of Power was written and submitted by user Keira Reid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Correlation Between Age and Memory Loss Essay Example

Correlation Between Age and Memory Loss Essay Example Correlation Between Age and Memory Loss Essay Correlation Between Age and Memory Loss Essay We have all wondered from time to time as to why the elderly seem to have a much greater falter-prone memory than the younger generations. From recently met people to the digits of their friends phone number, people seem to lag behind the youth in their memory capability as they grow older. One of the reasons behind this natural phenomena is due to an increase in brain cell loss which onsets around the age of twenty years old for most people. Unlike other things, Memory isnt a single cognitive process, and it isnt stored in a single area of the brain. Instead, it is classified by categories which span from short-term memory, to long-term memory, to factual memory, and onto motor-skill memory such as the knowledge of how to tie your shoes or drive a car. Memory loss tends to be categorized Into two categories which include Mild cognitive Impalement and Alchemies. When the Information which you begin to forget Is no longer travel, unimportant Information and your forgetfulness begins to eve consequences such as you forget an Important family members birthday or forget to pay your rent blank. Our memory loss would be considered to be beyond normal memory loss due to aging and may be diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment or MIMIC. On a more severe spectrum, when a persons memory loss becomes so severe that its capable of disrupting your work, hobbies, social activities, as well as your family relationships, a person may be experiencing the warning signs of Alchemists disease, another disorder that causes dementia, or a condition that mimics dementia. Often times, Limiters tends to be diagnosed people over the age of 65 but can also less-prevalently affect people younger as well. Latest statistics from the Alchemists association shows that In 2006, there were 22. 6 million sufferers world-wide and 1 In 85 people will be effected by this memory disorder by the year 2050. There are also several factors which can put an individual at greater risk for acquiring these memory disorders. Such factors include substances you come in contact with in your home and workplace. They include lead in drinking water or paint in older homes, mercury in paints, dyes and inks carbon monoxide leaking from home heaters and chemicals in pesticides and hobby materials. Alcohol and drug abuse has also been a major factor to inducing memory loss because excessive alcohol intake is toxic to brain cells, and illicit drugs such as marijuana, ecstasy, and cocaine block the function of neurotransmitters needed for memory. Also, 812 protects neurons, and some older persons develop an Inability to absorb It effectively. Memory loss treatments are mainly wealth the drug sectors but some non-drug alternatives can be used to help Meltzer a persons chance of acquiring such disorders. Memory loss is often caused due to inadequate supply of the required nutrients to our oral. I nose nutrients are Carlen o e ran y e t TN D I D TN 01000 Hell level of cholesterol restricts these nutrients from arriving at the brain. The chemicals present in the brain, known as neurotransmitters, are responsible for all the major odd functions, and these chemicals are dependent on the nutrients for proper functioning. Besides the well known dietary considerations for reducing the level of triglycerides and cholesterol, memory loss treatment depends mainly on its underlying cause. For instance, if memory loss is the result of depression, hormonal imbalance or any other disorder, then treating them would resolve the issue of memory loss as well. Besides these, the different brain exercises and self-help techniques also help in memory loss treatment.

Outline the required contents of the Airplane Flight manual and the Essay

Outline the required contents of the Airplane Flight manual and the Aircraft Maintenence Manual - Essay Example Currently, formats and contents of airplane and rotorcraft flight manuals are stipulated by the General Aviation Manufacturers Association’s (GAMA). An airplane manual has numerous sections that contain adverse information concerning the model of the aircraft at hand. This section provides the fundamental descriptive information about the airplane and power plant whereby most manuals include a three-view drawing of the airplane that provides dimensions of various components. Some of the components included in this section are airplane’s wingspan, its maximum height, overall length, and wheelbase length (American Flyers, 2014). The last part of the General section encompasses abbreviations, definitions, explanations of symbology, as well as some of the vocabulary used in the manual. This section comprises of the delimitations required by the regulation and that are crucial for the safe operation of the aircraft, systems, equipment as well as power plants. It comprises of operating limitations, instrument markings, color coding, as well as basic placards (United States, 2007). Airspeed, weight and loading distribution, power plant, and flight are some of the limitations areas that are included in this section. The Normal Procedures section starts by listing the normal airspeed for normal operations, several checklists that may include preflight inspection, before starting procedures, starting engine, before taxiing, taxiing, before takeoff, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, before landing, balked landing, after landing, and post-flight procedures (United States, 2007). Amplified Procedures area may be provided so as to give more details about the diverse procedures. This section contains all the information required by the aircraft certification regulations, and any additional performance information the manufacturer feels may enhance a pilot’s ability to

The Saturation Mixing Ratio Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Saturation Mixing Ratio - Coursework Example What is the dew-point temperature of a kilogram of air when a psychrometer measures an 8oC dry bulb temperature and a 6oC wet bulb reading? What is the dew-point temperature of a kilogram of air when a psychrometer measures an 8oC dry bulb temperature and a 6oC wet bulb reading? Dew-point temperature= 3.0oCQ3 Explain the principles that govern the operation of a psychrometer for determining relative humidity? The psychrometer deploys two thermometers which are mounted side by side. One is covered by a piece of wet cloth. In operation, they have spun around and then the wet bulb is allowed to dry for approximately one minute. Because air evaporates faster in the dry air when the results of both thermometers are compared it allows for an accurate reading of humidity and dew-point levels within the air.Q4 Describe the adiabatic process and how it is responsible for causing condensation in the atmosphere?  Summary Report PageSummary Report PageQ1 a. Liquid water changes to water vapor by the process called evaporation. b. Cold air has the greatest saturation mixing ratio. c. Lowering the air temperature will increase the relative humidity. d. At the dew-point temperature, the relative humidity is 100%. e. When condensation occurs, heat is released by water vapor. f. Rising air cools by expansion. g. In the early morning hours when the daily air temperature is often coolest, relative humidity is generally at its highest.

Catholic Mass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catholic Mass - Essay Example This in my very humble opinion made the whole experience awesome. I can relate so many rituals that happen throughout the mass. They occur in four different parts. The first one is gathering, followed by storytelling, meal sharing and commissioning (Richstatter, 1989). At the very beginning, gathering rites happen. With this, members have to head to the church to form a congregation or a gathering. This is when mass takes place. At the entrance, there are ushers who gladly welcome everybody. Should they realize the presence of a new person, they guide you on how to carry yourself. They also give you missalettes that can help you to follow the mass and find it easy and enjoyable to participate in the celebration. A very common ritual that happens at the beginning of the entrance is the use of holy water to bless you. Catholics believe that the holy water acts as a reminder of baptism. This is why they have to do this each time as a sign of renewing the promise made during baptism. Having explained the rituals that happen in the first part, I find them very much important in our daily lives. We meet strangers daily in our lives. Giving them a warm welcome(Richstatter, 1989) determines how comfortable they feel when around you. This ritual has a great connection to the doctrines and the daily teachings of the Catholic Church. This is because it teaches and familiarizes members on the importance of being ready for each other. Since these rituals occur one after another, it is nice to relate them to each because they occur under the first part. We sin daily in our lives and find it difficult to be sorrowful of the sins before God. Through the ritual of using holy water at the main entrance is a sign getting together to God before the mass begins. A belief is worth practicing. This is so evident in the Catholic Church. They keenly imitate the happenings that Jesus Christ did all the way from the last supper to the day he rose from the dead. This shows a great

Environmentally Friendly Hospital Menu

Environmentally Friendly Hospital Menu MANASA PENTA As a Registered Dietitian at the Sandringham Public hospital the below briefing paper on a proposal to revise existing hospital menu and plan a greener menu by including 100% foods used from local food producers around Melbourne. This is submitted to the Broad of Directors of the hospital for their approval. Context: According to the IPCC (2007), the global climate and other life-supporting environmental systems are seriously perturbed and depleted. Climate change-related drought prone and long-term drying conditions emerging in some sub-tropical regions around the world, higher temperatures, raising sea levels, increasing frequency of flooding, and acidification of oceans are now contributing to reduced quantity, quality and affordability of food in many countries. Australia is also facing environmental challenges, with an expected increase in average surface temperature of 0.6-1.5c by 2030. (Fd systems En sustain Pg1) Consequently, public concern over climate change, information and opportunities for people to lower their â€Å"carbon foot print†, a measure of the total consumer responsibility for greenhouse emissions, have become increasingly available. It is imperative that human health is placed within the context of the health of the planet. (food miles pg 3058). In general much of the research around climate change has concluded that food, home energy, and transportation together form a large share of most consumers’ personal impact (food miles pg 3058). Food has a huge impact on the environment. Food production contributes up to 29% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions (http://www.foodalliance.org.au/article/healthy-sustainable-diets/). Every step of the food supply chain, from production, to transport, processing, packaging and distribution has potential environmental consequences. There is a bi-directional relationship between environmental degradation and food systems. This requires us to consider the impact of climate change on food production and the impact of food production on the ecology of the biosphere, both of which have significant implications on public health. Food production over the past fifty years in particular has had severe environmental impacts in Australia and around the world. To a significant extent, this is due to unsustainable methods being used all the way along the supply chain from agricultural practices through to distribution methods and consumer habits. Due to the increasing acknowledgment o f environmental degradation through the unsustainable nature of many agricultural methods used around the world, the concept of sustainable diets has become popular. (http://www.foodalliance.org.au/article/healthy-sustainable-diets/). According to FAO 2010, Sustainable Diets are those diets with low environmental impacts which contribute to food and nutrition security and to healthy life for present and future generations. Why us? While there isn’t a ‘silver-bullet’ that will solve all the environmental issues of our food system at once, there are a number of actions our community can take to drive change in specific areas. The tremendous purchasing power and public visibility of hospitals could be a key lever for building infrastructure and demand for local food. Hospital efforts may also bring attention to public health impacts of the food system, including air and water pollution, residues from pesticides and other toxins, and health inequities in agricultural communities. A stronger focus on food helps hospitals play a role in promoting environmental sustainability and in raising awareness of its links to human health. Plan of Action On analysis the following food sustainable issues within the organisation need to be addressed to contribute to the overall Food is transported great distances Purchasing food that’s grown out of season Resources (especially water, fertiliser, Energy ) are used unsustainably Food Wastage Packaged Food Biodiversity impacts of agriculture Impacts of livestock production on environment Land being swallowed by urban sprawl Above issues can be address by following below practices to achieve food sustainability that not only benefit the organisation but also have an impact on local, national and global food sustainability issues. In Australia, food in the average shopping basket has travelled over 70,000 kms—that’s nearly two times the distance around the Earth. In fact, four imported items alone can account for nearly 50,000 kms. Even if a product is labelled as Australian-made it can still have ingredients from all over the world, adding to its transport footprint. Transporting food long distances, either across Australia or from overseas, generally uses up more non-renewable resources than producing and eating food locally. Energy, fuel, gas and water are consumed during transportation and storage adding to foods’ environmental impact. Transportation from farm, to processing plant, to consumer, can account for up to 11 per cent of food’s total greenhouse gas emissions. We can reduce emissions by buying food produced locally. Perhaps the most significant element of any sustainable food strategy is the menu. Appetising food is more likely to be eaten, so it is important to develop a menu that on the one hand is appealing to patients and staff, while on the other hand being high in both nutritional and sustainable value. Menu planning drives the choice of ingredients required, so it is important to design a menu that reduces the use of ingredients that have high environmental and health impacts. (6) Currently our hospital menu offered to patients and cafeteria offers a wide range of food choices without much emphasis on food sustainability. The aim of this project is to revise the hospital menu that is served in the cafeteria and for in-patients and in a years’, plan a â€Å"Greener Menu† that incorporates environmentally sustainable foods which are procured within 100 kilometres of radius around Melbourne. This initiative helps patients, staff and visitors to make healthy food choices and in turn helps in reducing our hospital’s eco-footprint on climate and environmental changes. Short term goals: In 3 months’ time, a minimum of 5% of foods used in the hospital kitchen to come from locally produced foods. In 6 months to aim for a minimum of 25% foods used in the hospital kitchen to come from locally produced foods. In 9 months to aim from a minimum of 50% In a years’ time to achieve the actual goal of 100% foods used to be procured from locally produced foods Above aim can be achieved by following below objectives: (5) By aligning the hospital menu with seasonal production and harvesting cycles Sourcing food locally Adding vegetarian and dairy-free option to the menu Choosing sustainably farmed meat and dairy Including meat dishes that have low environmental impact such as chicken, pork and eggs What needs to be done and how? Overview of evidence: There are various studies conducted in the past that have proven that adapting a healthier and sustainable food choices into the organisation’s menu in turn increased intake of these foods A definition of healthy food procurement that has been used in a review of policies is â€Å"a process which encompasses not just how public bodies procure food, but also how they determine what food they want to buy and from whom; receive and store food; prepare and serve food; dispose of waste food; and monitor their costs† [26]. In Ireland, the impact of a structured catering initiative on food choices was evaluated in a hospital setting [60]. A cross-sectional comparison was made using a 24-hour dietary recall and questionnaire of participants aged 18–64 years in two hospitals; one implemented a catering initiative that promoted nutritious food and reduced sugar, fat, and salt, and the other was used as a control (Table 3) [60]. Overall, this study found that improving the dietary quality of menu items provided in hospitals can reduce the amount of unhealthy nutrients such as fat, sugar, and sodium in foods served to patients in a hospital setting by up to 30% [60] 480 homebound, low-income seniors receiving Meals on Wheels over 4 months in Seattle, WA (USA) Increased access to fresh fruit and vegetables via home delivery. Seniors receiving baskets consumed 1.04 more servings than those in the control group. The number of seniors consuming >five servings per day increased by 17% from baseline. (62) Comprehensive initiative for food public institutions such as schools, hospitals, and prisons in the United Kingdom developed and disseminated a report to encourage consumption of locally grown foods and availability of healthy foods and build momentum for progress. Awareness of the program increased by 24% in 2 years; 72% of local authorities and 69% of schools supported initiative; 54% of users find the guidelines very useful or extremely useful; constraints were identified.(64) How this goal can be achieved? Firstly the current menu needs to evaluated and analysed to see where improvements can be made in regards sustainable change can be adapted. A short survey in the form of questionnaire can be used to determine staff and patients view on moving towards a sustainable menu Educating the food service staff, chefs and hospital management staff about the importance of moving towards a sustainable menu with in the hospitals. This session will also highlight the benefits of sustainable menus for the organisation’s food consumers and to the community. Create a seasonal fruit and vegetable calendar depending on what’s available around Melbourne. This information can be obtained from websites, for example www.vicfarmersmarkets.org.au/content/whats-season www.woolworths.com.au Need to source the local farmers for different foods, for example fruit, vegetables, meat, poultry and also any suppliers for locally produced food items such as jams, relishes, ice creams etc. While choosing the contractors, food sustainability specifications such as including organic, seasonal produce, choosing sustainability farmed meat and dairy. Some of the organisations that can find sustainable food producers around Melbourne. www.sustainabletable.org.au, www.localharvest.org.au, www.foodalliance.org.au, www.vicfarmersmarkets.org.au www.aco..net.au (Australian Certified Organic) Once this information is gathered, depending on what’s in season and what foods are available locally, different seasonal menus have to planned and consolidated by liaising with the hospital chefs and the food service team. When creating the menus by adding the region in the dish name or in the description, patients and staff can know where their food came from which in turn acts as role model to purchase local and seasonal produce. Once these menus are consolidated a short survey in the form of questionnaire among the staff can be conducted to get any feedback and suggestions that can be used to make any alterations. Finally, a review of the menus need to conducted to access if the original aim of including 100 percent locally and sustainably produced foods are incorporated in the menu initiative has been achieved. Also analysing the staff and patients food choices before and after the implementation of the Greener menu helps to evaluate if there a change in the way they chose the food items. Who is likely to support and challenge this proposal? The Key supports of this proposal at the community could be from The Local council – considering the proposals is addressing few food sustainability issues which in turn would benefit the community at both local and indirectly at a national scale. Government organisations and NGOs Local farmers as this proposal would the demand for their produce and contribute to their sales. The hospital patients, staff and people who access the hospital’s cafeteria as by purchasing this food they indirectly contributing towards a sustainable environment Challenges Challenges related to instructional buy-in Beyond the foodservice department, hospital leadership is crucial to building institutional capacity and commitment to buy local food. If senior administrators in charge of budget, human resources, procurement, community benefits, and overall institutional strategic direction do not support local food efforts, they can be can be severely crippled. By educating the foodservice department and the hospital leadership about the benefits of the proposal can build help building trust and also gives an opportunity to address their concerns towards the proposal. Challenges related to supply: It is important to note that farm-to-hospital initiatives may be substantially challenged by supply-side issues. Local production of food does not mean that producers would prefer to sell locally, or to sell to institutions. Many farmers are part of existing markets and do not produce enough additional food to supply high-volume institutional buyers. Large farmers may be uninterested in the additional marketing and customer relations that might be required to sell their products locally. So some research needs to be done to understand local producers and their supply ability. Local food may not always mean it’s from sustainable sources It is important to note that ‘local food’ doesn’t always mean it’s produced in environmental friendly conditions. So before accepting any contracts, it’s important to note what sustainable agricultural procedures are used. Visiting the farm yards or the food production units is a good idea to ensure sustainable farming or food productions methods are used. Summary: Recent studies suggest that there is a growing attention towards climate change and opportunities for people to lower their â€Å"carbon foot print† towards the growing Greenhouse gas emissions. It is now imperative that human health is placed within the context of the health of the planet. Every step of the food supply chain, from production, to transport, processing, packaging and distribution has potential environmental consequences. Hospital efforts may also bring attention to public health impacts of the food system, including air and water pollution, residues from pesticides and other toxins, and health inequities in agricultural communities. A stronger focus on food helps hospitals play a role in promoting environmental sustainability and in raising awareness of its links to human health This proposal aims at creating a greener menu in place of the current hospital menu where by addressing few food-sustainability issues that can be modified within the organization. The aim is to procure locally produced food items thereby decreasing food miles, buying local and seasonal foods, choosing sustainably produced food and animal products. This also helps to provide better sustainable and healthy choices to the patients and staff within the hospital. References 5. We Need to Talk About Food – How We Can All Build A Better Food System, https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/WhatCanIDo/Pages/SustainableFood.asx 6. Sustainable Food: A Guide for Hospitals 7. Food-Miles and the Relative Climate Impacts of Food Choices in the United States 8. Identifying Sustainable Foods: The Relationship between Environmental Impact, Nutritional Quality, and Prices of Foods Representative of the French Diet Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and DieteticsVolume 114, Issue 6, June 2014, Pages 862–869 26 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3986994/ [L’Abbà © M., Sunohara D., Wan J. Environmental Scan of Public Food proCurement Policies Related to Sodium. Public Health Agency of Canada; Ottawa, ON, Canada: 2011. pp. 1–93.] 28. 26 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3986994/ 60 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3986994/ The impact of a workplace catering initiative on dietary intakes of salt and other nutrients: a pilot study.Geaney F, Harrington J, Fitzgerald A, Perry IPublic Health Nutr. 2011 Aug; 14(8):1345-9. [PubMed] [Ref list] In Australia, food in the average shopping basket has travelled over 70,000 kms—that’s nearly two times the distance around the Earth. In fact, four imported items alone can account for nearly 50,000 kms. Even if a product is labelled as Australian-made it can still have ingredients from all over the world, adding to its transport footprint. Transporting food long distances, either across Australia or from overseas, generally uses up more non-renewable resources than producing and eating food locally. Energy, fuel, gas and water are consumed during transportation and storage adding to foods’ environmental impact. Transportation from farm, to processing plant, to consumer, can account for up to 11 per cent of food’s total greenhouse gas emissions. We can reduce emissions by buying food produced locally. Buying local produce also addresses some of the other food sustainability issues such as encouraging Promotes sustainable agriculture Gives fair and equal opportunities for local farmers Promotes healthy eating by choosing seasonal produces, Reducing the usage on fuel in terms of land / water and air travel for transporting food across the globe. Considering the multifactorial benefits that local food procurement has on the organisation’s food sustainability issues, it is identified as a key initiative that needs to be addressed in the organisation as a main priority. While there is no single solution to solve all the environmental issues of our food system at once, there are a number of actions our community can take to drive change in specific areas. Hospitals in the community act as role models 1

The Cuban Revolution Essay -- Cuban History Cuba War Essays

"They talk about the failure of socialism but where is the success of capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America?" -- Fidel Castro Introduction During the 1950’s, Cuba was on the brink of revolution. The nation, which had suffered numerous corrupt and oppressive governmental regimes, fell victim to yet another when Fulgencio Batista seized power under a military coup in March of 1952. A cry for a just Cuba, that was economically, politically, and socially free continued to echo throughout the island. In 1959, a group of radical revolutionaries, under the leadership of Fidel Castro, overthrew the Batista dictatorship and put in place the political and social structures that exist in Cuba to this day. Pà ©rez-Stable’s Reasons for Revolution Even after obtaining its independence from Spain in 1898, conditions still existed in Cuba that made it ripe for insurrection. Pà ©rez-Stable feels that one of the primary causes for Cuba’s problems was the economic instability that resulted from its dependence on sugar. This industry, says Pà ©rez-Stable, "was the most important depository of domestic and foreign capital investments" (14). Because of its short harvesting season, however, sugar was largely to blame for Cuba’s unemployment and underemployment. In addition, sugar was responsible for the nation’s continued economic reliance on the United States. The U.S. was Cuba’s primary trading partner. The Cuban and United States governments had established reciprocity agreements by which the United States would buy the majority of Cuban sugar in exchange for reduced tariffs on its imports to Cuba. Nevertheless, these agreements worked to the advantage of the U.S. while helping to preserve economic hard ships for Cuba. By the 1950’s, ... ...scouraged in socialist Cuba. Works Cited Castro, Fidel. "History Will Absolve Me"(excerpts). Closing speech in trial for the 1953 Moncada attack. Excerpt 1:From The United States, Cuba and the Cold War American Failure or Communist Conspiracy?. Ed. L. Langley. Lexington, MA: 1970. 26th of July Movement. "Program Manifesto of the 26th of July Movement". in Cuba in Revolution. Ed. R. Bonachea and Nelson Valdà ©s. Garden City, NJ: 1972. Guevara, Ernesto "Che". "One Year of Armed Struggle". In Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. Trans. Victoria Ortiz. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968. Paterson, Thomas G. Contesting Castro: The United States and The Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pà ©rez-Stable, Marifeli. The Cuban Revolution: Origins, Course, and Legacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Best Buy Situation Analysis

In general, the company specializes in selling electronics, home office products, entertainment products and footwear, business programs and software, home appliances, and much more technology related products. Best Buy has earned the reputation as one of the top consumer electronics retailers and a leader in the industry. Its total revenues are $42,410,000,000, it employs 140,000 workers, and has a market capitalization of 1 1. 26 billion.The company Is a publicly traded corporation on the New York stock exchange under the signal- BY. It has gained many product and service brands that are recognized worldwide, such as Geek Squad, an in house repair service, which has been one of the company's main competitive advantages throughout its existence. The primary target market customer Is In the 16-35 age range. With 18-24 being the primary target because on average 40% are in college. Primary targets consist of businesses, both genders, middle class families and up.The secondary target i s 36-50 age groups mostly made of parents, new and small businesses, and price concerned consumers. The age group for the core audience Is 25-54 consumers 54% male 42% female and has an average household income of $75,000 (Khan, A). † Mission: The mission of Best Buy is to be the number one retailer of consumer electronics with a focus on roving a wide selection of high quality products at premium low prices while offering personable customer service and the best shopping experience both In store and online.Goals: In the company's 2014 fiscal annual report, Hubert Jolly, President and CEO of Best Buy, outlined the business transformation plan and goals as the 1 OFF shopping experience 2. Attract, grow, engage, and inspire transformational leaders and employees 3. Work with vendors to innovate and drive value 4. Increase return on invested capital 5. Continue leadership role in positively impacting the world Ochs 2 Core Competency: In terms of core competency, the key in terms of success for Best Buy has been its strategic customer-centric values and brand name recognition.Best Buy specializes in providing excellent customer service and the ability to give customers a hands- on shopping experience. Best Buy offers a wide range of products and will continue to work with vendor partners to maintain a strong relationship to guarantee low competitive prices. As far as brand recognition goes, Best Buy is increasing the amount of stores worldwide each year so the company name will continue to stick in customer's minds as well as strategic partnerships such s geek squad.SOOT Analysis Internal Factors Strengths Multiple Channel Sales Strategy Diverse Product Portfolio Reputable Brand Name Excellent Customer Satisfaction Weaknesses Geographical Concentration Limitations Reliance on Minimal Vendors Weakening Financial Position Poor Inventory Management Systems External Factors Opportunities Strategic Partnership Acquisitions Focus Towards Marketing Strategies Onlin e Sales Growth Consumption of Electronics Increasing Expansion of Retail Stores National and International – Foreign Market Penetration Threats Rise of Competitors, Loss of Market Share and RevenuesIncrease of Counterfeit/limitation Goods (China) Organized Retail Crime Increasing, Cyber Crime Threat to Security Market Shifting to Online Sales Medium to high Supplier Power Industry Analysis and Trends: The Consumer Electronics Market is continuously changing and is an ongoing process of evolution. Since technology is growing at a market. Already existing technologies are being re-invented to give the consumer a feeling that the old model(s) is irrelevant. An example is curved TV's and the phone ss.Ochs 3 These two technologies already exist however with a very slight modification, customers react and feel the need to purchase the newer version. This acts to re- invigorate what may seem to be a stagnant market. Online Sales are becoming more crucial to companies to survive in t he electronics consumer market. Amazon. Com being the leader in the industry of online sales has proved its dominance and Best Buy is increasing online retail operations to keep up. Since the recession, the market faced a decline in sales performance the last few years since 2008.However the market is making a slow, gradual come back and the situation in the industry is looking good. The fluctuating economy greatly effects consumer buying habits, and with the recovering economy conditions, consumers will have more money to spend on luxuries like electronics. According to the U. S. Consumer Electronics Sales and Forecasts â€Å"Revenues for the consumer electronics industry are projected to grow 2. 4% in 2014, reaching a new record high of $208 billion Joseph,J. ACE). Best Buy has struggled to maintain its market share with the increase of competition over the last few years but the company is growing in terms of revenue and number of stores increasing worldwide. Best Buy brand and presence is becoming well known globally and more growth opportunities are available for the company internationally. â€Å"Best Buy sees opportunities for innovation and growth in new markets and new geographies as well as in our core U. S. Business our growing global presence requires seasoned and as'. N. Y leaders to carefully manage our expanding family of international brands.Our international leadership team is focused on driving growth for our enterprise around the world (Willet, Robert, BY CEO International). † Competitor Analysis: Best Buys competitors are store-based retailers, internet-based tillers, multiple channel retailers, and vendors who offer products directly to the consumer. â€Å"They are competing amongst many others in the market for position as the top retail brand for electronic goods. U. S. Shoppers spend more than 126 billion dollars a year on electronic goods and more than 26% of it is totaled at Best Buy.For electronic purchases Best Buy remains as the top choice amongst consumers (Khan, A. ). † The major players are mass merchandisers like Walter Corporation, Amazon. Com and Apple Inc. (also a supplier). Unlike Best Buy, Walter offers much ore than Just electronics but they are growing in the electronics industry. In order to keep their prices low, Walter uses a low profit margin, high volume sales technique by squeezing their suppliers to name their price. To combat this, Best Buy must maintain their image as the ‘best shopping experience' retailer with a young, tech as'. N. , knowledgeable sales staff to assist customers and provide customer service unmatchable by Walter. In Ochs 4 addition best buy must maintain a strong, relationship on good terms with its suppliers because they are limited and also offer a price matching policy to match a rice offered by a certain store or retailer. To compete with Amazon. Com Best Buy must promote their brick and mortar, instant gratification business model. Unlike Best B uy, Amazon cannot boast physical, face to face customer service experience improvement to their website and online sales strategy since many consumers are moving towards online purchasing.One of the major risks Best Buy faces currently is the act of show-rooming. This is where customer go to the big box store to gain valuable information from the staff about a product and comparison shop, then go and purchase it elsewhere for a better price (Amazon. Mom). According to CEO Hubert Jolly: â€Å"Best Buy estimates that 1 5 percent of its customers come into the store with the intention of shortcoming, that number is only likely to increase (Macrame, M). † Since Apple is one of Best Buys vendors they must be careful with methods used to compete for customers.One of the main advantages Best Buy has in this situation is that they are actually able to offer their Apple products for a lower price than the Apple Store, while still maintaining strong customer service, warranties, and su pport as one would receive in the Apple store. New Opportunities: Best Buy faces ever rowing fierce competition as the consumer electronics industry continues to grow and new technologies are rapidly being innovated. There is much room for growth and new opportunities Best Buy can take advantage of to remain at the top of the market.One of the most significant threats Best Buy faces is the increasing amount of virtual retail sales in the consumer electronics industry, but this is also an opportunity. The first recommendation for Best Buy is to continuously innovate and improve the website to encourage online sales. Perhaps IT should undergo website redesign to offer easier web navigation/ characteristics similar to that of Amazon. Com. The second recommendation is the need to promote the advantages and benefits of shopping in store rather than at other online retailers like Amazon. Com.Such benefits include direct communication between representative and customer, fewer technologica l issues of ordering, easy returning methods, and the assurance the product will be received in perfect condition and on time rather than damaged or lost in transportation. The third recommendation is to move beyond the current business to consumer model and expand into business to business operations. This would positively increase clientele base and open up a CSS 5 huge new market segment uninhabited by many CE competitors. Next Best Buy needs to reconsider its management structure.Part of the reason for its plummets in sales was poor management style who were reluctant to change company strategy and adapt; they were not ready for competition. Best Buy has made efforts to update management which had a positive outcome. We see in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2013 â€Å"the company reported net earnings of $293 million, compared to a loss of $379 million in the previous period, driven by its reduced costs and improved operational efficiency. The effort of the retailer to i mprove profitability, which includes reorganization of its field and store management structure (Wolf, A). Lastly, Best Buys strengths lie in customer service so the ability to attain strong customer relationships will go far. Some ideas to accomplish this is to provide better employee training to specialize employees to understand the customers wants and needs better. This will help make the employees more knowledgeable to offer more expertise help on particular products and features that other competitors simply cannot offer, which ultimately results in happy customers. When satisfied, the company back to the top as the number one electronics retailer.

Absence of security awareness in the Bangladesh Army Essays

Absence of security awareness in the Bangladesh Army Essays Absence of security awareness in the Bangladesh Army Essay Absence of security awareness in the Bangladesh Army Essay ABSENCE OF SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG THE SOLDIERS OF BANGLADESH ARMY- A MAJOR Menace TO THE ORGANIZATION Chapter I – INTRODUCTION (RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND DESIGN ) Problem Statement 1.â€Å"Security is the status achieved when designated information, stuff, forces, activities and installings are protected against espionage, sabotage, corruption and terrorist act, every bit good as against loss or unauthorised revelation. The term is besides applied to those steps necessary to accomplish this status and to the organisations responsible for those measures† ( Joint Services Glossary of Operational Footings, p. S-4 ) . â€Å"Individual security consciousness is the cognition and attitude of the members of an organisation about the precaution of physical, material and information assets of that organisation. Awareness sing the hazards and available precautions is the first line of defense mechanism for the security of forces, information and stuff. The focal point of security consciousness should be to accomplish a long term displacement in the attitude of the members of the organisation towards security, whilst advancing a cultural and behavioral alteration within an organization† ( Wikipedia, n.d ) . 2.The inordinate usage of cell phones, posting sensitive images on the Facebook, go forthing official paperss unattended by the soldiers etc. have become a regular phenomenon. It is go oning as a usual affair. Thereby, military forces are jeopardizing themselves every bit good as the organisation is besides being affected. Many soldiers are transgressing security unwittingly due to miss of equal cognition on security. The existent fact is that, they truly do non believe that it can impact their personal every bit good as organisational security. An organisation can merely be protected when its forces are good protected and witting about their personal security. Therefore, single security consciousness plays a critical function to guarantee overall organisational security.This paper will critically analyze whether absence of security consciousness among soldiers a major menace to Bangladesh Army or non. 3.The issue at manus is a complicated and intangible component. While it is perceived that absence of single security consciousness of the soldiers impacting the overall security of the organisation, the other factors are besides perchance knotted together in changing degree straight or indirectly. Research Questions 4.To reference the job statement, replies of the undermentioned inquiries will be pursued in this research:  ­ a.Primary Question.How the absence of security consciousness among soldiers of Bangladesh Army is impacting the security of the organisation? B.Secondary Questions.In order to reply the primary inquiry, the undermentioned secondary inquiries need to be answered: ( 1 ) What is the present province of security consciousness among soldiers of Bangladesh Army? ( 2 ) How the absence of security consciousness of the soldiers going a major menace to the organisation? ( 3 ) How to heighten the security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army? Research Objective 5.Bangladesh Army as an organisation subjected to figure of external and internal menaces. Absence of security consciousness is one of them which can impact the overall security of the organisation to a great extent. Therefore, aim of the research is to happen out whether the absence of security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army is a major menace to the organisation or non. Purpose of the Research 6.The intent of the research is to measure the present province of security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army. This research will besides happen out the effects of absence of single security consciousness of the soldiers on the organisation, if it has any so to happen a manner out to extenuate those. Significance of the Research 7.In the present yearss, it is of great concern that the soldiers of Bangladesh Army are missing single security consciousness. In the recent yesteryear there were many incidents like espionage, loss/theft of stuff, excess matrimonial personal businesss, route accident, drug trafficking, corrupting etc. took topographic point in about all the fort of Bangladesh Army. The figure is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, which finally affects the overall security of Bangladesh Army as an organisation. In this respect, no paper has been developed to happen out the affects and effects on the overall security of the organisation caused due to miss of security consciousness of the soldiers. It is traveling to unleash the country that single security consciousness can greatly act upon the overall security of the organisation. So, research on this affair would give a new position of understanding the prevailing jobs. Restrictions and Premises 8.Following restrictions were identified and premises are considered while carry oning the research: a.The subject is related to absence of security consciousness among soldiers of Bangladesh Army, as such, the research sphere is confined within the soldiers of Bangladesh Army. b.Most of the informations required for the research were confidential or secret paperss for ground forces. Therefore, sing the security jeopardy, all the required informations were non provided by the different security bureaus and subdivisions of AHQ. c.It was assumed that basic operation of all the units of Bangladesh Army is similar. The samples are collected largely from Dhaka and Mirpur camp presuming these units as the chief watercourse of Bangladesh Army. d.It was hard to acquire the true contemplation of ideas by the soldiers because of their rigidness. e.It is assumed that the samples used in the research represent the population of Bangladesh Army at an acceptable significance and the respondents have answered the study inquiries truthfully. f.The study was conducted among the soldiers, JCOs, NCOs and officers at assorted degrees from different weaponries and services. Though the figure of participants in study was less, but the consequence was assumed to be a right contemplation of the members of Bangladesh Army. g.Time and chance was non plenty to travel for a realistic land study among all the formations countrywide. Hence, the research is based on limited land study and content analysis. Review of Literatures 9.List of Literatures Consulted. a.A Survey of IT Professionals ( 2012, January ) ,The Impact of Mobile Devices on Information Security. b.Australian National Audit Office, Audit Report No. 25 ( 2009-10 ) ,Security Awareness and preparation. c.The Global Conference for Wikimedia onSecurity Awareness( 2014, August6-10 ) , London ) . d.Major Md Ferdous Iqbal ( 2012 ) , A research conducted onPsychological Approach Towards Enhancing Professionalism Among the Soldiers of Bangladesh Army,Mirpur. e.Major Md Humayun Kabir ( 2010 ) , A research conducted onAn Insight into the Military Valuess of Bangladesh Army,Mirpur. f.Robert Mcpherson and Bennett Pafford ( 1999 ) ,Safety and Security Handbook,CARE International. g.Squadron Leader Md Obaidulla ( 2004 ) , A research conducted onInformation security System of Bangladesh and in the Context of Information Warfare,Mirpur. 10.Findingss of the Literature Review.The research worker has studied a few related books, articles and a good figure of research documents on organisational and national security facet. The important 1s are highlighted below: a.A Survey of IT Professionals (2012 ) highlighted in their cardinal findings that security hazards are on the rise because of nomadic devices. It besides mentioned that deficiency of employee consciousness has greatest impact on security of nomadic informations. B.Australian National Audit Office( 2009-10 ) in their audit study mentioned that security incidents can supply valuable penetrations into an organization’s security environment, including the degree of security consciousness. Common types of security incidents like loss of personal or official resources, unauthorised entree to an organization’s premises, wrong storage of security classified information, via media of entree control etc. may be the declarative of security consciousness issues. It is besides mentioned that defects in security consciousness and preparation can sabotage the operation of the controls and patterns put in topographic point to pull off exposures to security hazards. degree Celsiuss.The Global Conference for Wikimedia on Security Awarenessheld at London has mentioned security consciousness is the cognition and attitude members of an organisation possess sing the protection of the physical and specially information assets of that organisation. Many organisations require formal security consciousness preparation for all workers when they join the organisation and sporadically thenceforth, normally yearly. vitamin D.Major Md Ferdous Iqbal( 2012 ) in his research discussed about the psychological motive of the soldiers needs to be addressed with immediate precedence for the sweetening of professionalism among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army. He besides mentioned about development of sense of duty among the JCOs / NCOs need particular attending by the appropriate authorization. vitamin E.Major Md Humayun Kabir( 2010 ) highlighted that the psychological conditioning is indispensable to insulate the members of armed forces from being infected with societal desires and outlooks which are incompatible with military life. Hence pre-cautionary steps and counterpoisons are necessary to countervail the effects of inauspicious societal influences. degree Fahrenheit.Robert Mcpherson and Bennett Pafford( 1999 ) in the Safety and Security Handbook for CARE International’s staff mentioned that each member of an organisation has a responsibility to turn to issues of safety and security proactively and flexibly at all clip. g.Squadron Leader Md Obaidulla( 2004 ) in his research paper mentioned that information in warfare should be recognized as a military and national plus. The undertaking of puting up a well-conceived construction for contending a high-tech war demands to be handled professionally. 11.Areas for Further Research.There are figure of books, booklets, literatures have published and a good figure of researches have been carried out on organisational and national security facet. So far no research has been carried out on absence of security consciousness among soldiers of Bangladesh Army which in fact is impacting the overall security of the organisation to a great extent. In the 21stcentury as a member of Bangladesh Army a soldier must be cognizant of single security in order to guarantee personal every bit good as organisational security. In visible radiation of above in this research an enterprise will be made to measure the present province of security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army with a position to happen a manner out to guarantee overall security of the organisation. Research Hypothesis 12.There is a common perceptual experience predominating among most of the officers that soldiers of Bangladesh Army are missing in security consciousness facet which in fact presenting a security menace to the organisation. There could be figure of causes lending to the organisational security. Among those causes, absence of security consciousness is one of the of import and important 1. Therefore, the hypothesis of this paper isAbsence of security consciousness among the soldiersof Bangladesh Army is a major menace to the organisation. Research Design and Methodology 13.Conceptual Framework.The hypothesis is based upon a job statement mentioned antecedently. The sensed job is conceptualized by the research worker in the conceptual model given atAnnex A. 14.Research Type.This is a causal and primary research on which no effort was taken antecedently to carry on any survey. Therefore, the demand of a thorough survey was extremely felt to place the causes and effects of absence of security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army on the organisational security and thereby happening possible steps to cut down their effects. 15.Research Variables. a.Case.Soldiers of Bangladesh Army. B.Independent Variable.Absence of security consciousness among soldiers. Security consciousness means holding knowledge on security issues. Absence means the province of being off ; absence of head. Therefore, absence of security consciousness implies the absence of head sing security issues. degree Celsiuss.Dependent Variable.A major menace to the organisation. â€Å"Threat means hazard, indicant of a possible threat. Negative event that can do a hazard to go a loss, expressed as an sum of hazard, effects of hazard, and the likeliness of the happening of the event. A menace may be a natural phenomenon such as temblor, inundation or a semisynthetic incident such as fire, sabotage etc.† ( BusinessDictionary.com ) .Each organisation is cognizant of the importance of security. Therefore, it is of import to acknowledge that forces, stuff and information are the assets that require top security against possible menace. Data Collection Method 17.The research worker utilised assorted methods of informations aggregation to finish the research, as both qualitative and quantitative methods are used. The inside informations of informations aggregation methods are given atAnnex B. Survey included questionnaire study and drumhead and inside informations of which are given atAnnex C( including informations processing ) andAnnex Dseverally. Interview methods including sum-up is given atAnnex E. Summary of FGDs are appended atAnnex F. Detailss of few instance surveies are included atAnnex G. For the study, bunch trying on the random choice footing was done. Outline of the Paper 18.This paper will hold the undermentioned chapters: a.Chapter–I.This chapter contains Research job, Research inquiries, Literature reappraisal and findings, Purpose and significance of research, Hypothesis and variables of research, Data aggregation method. B.Chapter–II.In this chapter the chief focal point is to measure the present province of security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army. The findings of the informations on the research subject are included here. degree Celsiuss.Chapter–III.In this chapter a really critical and in-depth survey has been carried out to measure how the absence of security consciousness of the soldiers affects the overall security and becomes a major menace to the organisation. It will besides foreground the causes of absence of security consciousness among the soldiers. vitamin D.Chapter-IV.In this chapter few steps is highlighted to heighten the security consciousness among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army. vitamin E.Chapter-V.It contains the sum-up of major findings of the research. Finally establishing on the findings, a few recommendations will be made to get the better of the grey countries.

Detection and Prevention of Wireless Intrusion

Detection and Prevention of Wireless Intrusion Abstract This research shows elements of wireless intrusion detection and intrusion prevention. It shows the main areas of wireless intrusion and detection together with advantages and challenges of using a wireless intrusion and detection systems. Overall, the research concludes that a wireless IDS offers many advantages than challenges it may present to users.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Detection and Prevention of Wireless Intrusion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have many threats, which could have significant impacts on the network. Threats to WLAN technologies include â€Å"wrongly configured wireless access points (WAPs), Denial of Services (DoS) and possible system hijacking† (Max, 2009, p. 3). Wireless networks are also prone to common attacks like TCP/IP and 802.11 threats. TCP/IP threats also are common in networked technologies. WLANs must incorpor ate security techniques that can detect and defend against potential threats. These are intrusion detection system (IDS) solutions. Introduction WLANs have the same IDS as a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) because they can also evaluate network traffic for potential security threats. However, IDS can evaluate specific areas, which only relate to WLAN. These include WAPs, rogue WAPs, and offsite users. The growth in wireless technologies has allowed networks to support wireless devices at different sections of the network typology. This suggests that WLAN IDS have critical roles to play in network securities.  WLANs may have unconnected wireless sensors to analyze traffic. The physical location of a sensor is critical for effective analysis of network traffic. The location normally influences what a network sensor can detect and monitor. Network sensors should have the ability to monitor all gadgets that can gain access to the network. Some wireless networks may have more than a single sensor. These sensors go beyond the normal scope of network operations. In most cases, the WLAN may have a single channel, but it also has options of running on several channels. Thus, WLAN sensor may effectively serve a single channel. However, regular changes can ensure that WLAN sensors can analyze several channels. IDS has many parts, such as consoles, databases, and system sensors. Users can run the system on either a centralized or decentralized platform.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1: WLAN IDS Wireless Threats Wireless local area networks are susceptible to a number of threats. The normal 802.11 encryption has become susceptible to attacks (Max, 2009, p. 7). In addition, the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) may not withstand constant brute force attacks. In other words, encryption alone cannot protect the network because the intruder can sti ll attack and decrypt sensitive information in wireless networks. Attackers also rely on rogue WAP to attack WLANs and gain access to sensitive information in the system (Vladimirov, Gavrilenko Mikhailovsky, 2004, p. 435). Attackers normally construct rogue WAPs in a similar manner as real WAPs. Most users have the tendency of connecting to any WAP with appropriate signals. At this point, users can accidentally connect to a rogue WAP. This provides an opportunity for the attacker to monitor all forms data transmission across the connected devices. At the same time, some users may also â€Å"introduce rogue WAPs in the wireless network† (Low, 2005, p. 89). This happens because of low costs and ease of connectivity in the WLAN systems. Users can install other access points in the network and render other security features ineffective. This makes the network an easy target for attackers (Low, 2005, p. 89). Users must consider the deployment of a wireless IDS security solution t o protect the network from such vulnerabilities. IDS solutions can protect the network from installed rogue WAPs. DoS may also affect networks that rely on 802.11. Hackers can derail such networks. Physical objects may also affect communication systems across wireless networks. These may include tall buildings, trees, and even rain. Other physical objects that have signal systems may also affect 802.11 networks. There are attackers who use fake requests to congest the system in order to force the system reboot.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Detection and Prevention of Wireless Intrusion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, such attackers can also make repeated requests as a way of denying services to authentic users.  Other security threats include poorly secured network devices, man in the middle, and unauthorized systems on the network. WLAN IDS sensors should have the ability to detect these threats (Kent Mell, 2006, p. 87). There are other forms of WLAN threats, including new ones. These threats have critical repercussions on networks they attack. WLAN that lacks any form of threat intrusion detection and prevention may find it difficult to notice threats on the network. A lack of awareness about threats creates vulnerable networks for attackers. Thus, organizations should have effective ways of detecting and preventing intrusion in the network. Intrusion detection Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have the ability to recognize any unusual usages and access on the network (Base Mell, 2001, p. 78). They can analyze data in the system and detect any anomalies (Caswell, Beale and Baker, 2007, p. 411). IDSs have the capacity to recognize intrusions and abnormal usages in the network system. The new IDSs for wireless devices can sense, monitor, collect, and analyze data in order to locate known attacks, reveal abnormal network usages, and show misuse within the net work (Yang, Xie Sun, 2004, pp. 553-556). IDSs collect information and generate corresponding alerts based on the type of intrusion detected.  A wireless IDS may be the same as networked IDS. However, WLAN IDS has specific security features for wireless networks only. WLAN intrusion detection Organizations can develop their own wireless IDSs or obtain them from vendors. While wireless IDS technologies are new, the available ones are effective security solutions. Moreover, they also have extensive security features. The most common IDS solutions include RogueWatch, Airdefense, and Airdefense Guard (Kent Warnock, 2004, p. 8). There are also Internet Security Systems and other system scanners.  Users can develop their own wireless IDS by using free software from Open Source. Configuration There two types of a wireless IDS configuration. These are centralized and decentralized configurations. A centralized wireless IDS uses several independent sensors on the network to gather infor mation. The sensors collect information and transfer them to a central place for analysis and storage. On the other hand, a decentralized intrusion system has different gadgets for data collection, analysis, and reporting. This type of intrusion detection is appropriate for small networks because it is expensive to run and maintain (Rhodes-Ousley, Bragg and Strassberg, 2003, p. 263). Moreover, decentralized systems may require much time from the organization.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More WLANs may cover a large area. This could weaken the signal strengths. Therefore, it is appropriate to install several WAP to provide extra strength for the network. However, one should deploy a sensor in every access point with WAP. Several sensors in every access point can easily detect intrusion in the network. Moreover, the sensor can identify sources of threats within a given geography. Physical Location The wireless detection systems should be able to locate physical locations of attackers. Most hackers attack the network in locations close access points and WAPs in order to reduce the time for attack. Organizations should deploy people physically to respond to attacks in a timely manner. Attacks on networked systems could occur several miles away. However, in a wireless system, the attacker could even be in the same location. Effective wireless IDS can assist in providing a physical location in which the hacker could be located. Information obtained from the 802.11 and the loc ation of the WAP can â€Å"aid in quick detection of the attacker’s actual location† (Calabrese, 2003, p. 29). In some cases, directional antennae aid in tracking the location of the attacker by tracing the source of the attacker’s signals. The IDS and other scanning systems are effective for this role. The physical response team can rely on these other teams to intercept the attacker. Policy enforcement Organizations can â€Å"use wireless IDSs to enforce their policies† (Calabrese, 2003, p. 32). WLANs may have many security challenges. However, there are solutions for these issues. Effective organizational policy can ensure that wireless networks remain secure. Enforcing organizational policies on wireless devices is an effective way of ensuring wireless network security. Organizations should ensure that all its data are encrypted before transfers (Calabrese, 2003, p. 34). The wireless IDS can analyze the system and detect any attempts to transfers data without encryption. Effective configuration of WAPs can ensure that IDSs have the ability to easily identify rogue WAPs as soon as they attempt to gain access to the network. Detection of a rogue WAP and enforcement of organizational policies on wireless communications can enhance the level of wireless network security. Policies on automated systems can eliminate the use of human to monitor possible rogue WAPs on the network. This can enhance effective use of resources in an organization. Detecting threats A wireless IDS is effective in identification of threats in the network. It can help in identifying rogue WAPs and any non-encrypted data during transfer in 802.11. Moreover, wireless IDSs can also detect attackers’ location and monitor the system for known attacks.  Hackers rely on scanning devices and software as tools for detecting possible points of attack on the network. Scanning tools like Kismet have been effective in identifying weak areas within the network. Att ackers target such points on the WAP and apply GPS (Global Positioning System) to locate the most vulnerable geographical spot on the network. Scanning software and other detection tools are common, and organizations can use wireless IDS to identify such software on the network. This can help in reducing vulnerability of the network from external analysis by hackers (Hsieh, Lo, Lee and Huang, 2004, pp. 581-586).  Reliable wireless IDS can detect some DoS threats on the network (Trost, 2010, p. 53). DoS attacks are the most common attacks on wireless networks. Physical objects may cause conflicts in frequencies. Attackers may exploit such opportunities to deny users services from the network. A wireless IDS has the ability to detect these forms of attacks, which aim to flood the network with requests or generate unauthorized requests.  There are also other threats that a wireless IDS can detect on the network. For instance, many attackers may masquerade as authentic wireless devi ce or a client. In such cases, a wireless IDS can detect threats from MAC address spoofing. A wireless IDS uses a series analysis to â€Å"detect the presence of MAC address spoofing on the network† (Trost, 2010, p. 76). It can only detect ad-hoc networks. This is a configuration issue, which provide opportunities for attackers to use wireless devices and gain access to the network.  A wireless IDS can also identify some uncommon or new forms threats by using users defined requirements. In this context, it provides flexibility that other general IDSs may not have. Hence, users can use wireless IDSs to define their security features for locating unique threats. It is an effective method of building strong security features for WLAN. People who may know that the network relies on IDS features may not be interested in attacking the system. This is a way of deterring threats on the network. Wireless IDS issues Clearly, wireless IDS offers numerous advantages to users in detecti ng and preventing threats to the network. However, organizations should consider some aspects of wireless IDS, which may affect the effectiveness of their systems. Wireless intrusion detection is a field that is still evolving. Thus, it is important for users to be careful when deploying new systems with no proven track records on their networks. New technologies may present new challenges or bugs to the network. Such challenges could be new forms of vulnerabilities, which would render the network unsafe and prone to attacks. One must also recognize that wireless technologies have evolved rapidly in the recent past. Hence, organizations may find it difficult and costly to keep pace with new discoveries in technologies. Maintaining a wireless security system could be expensive, especially when they come from vendors. Organizations have opportunities of developing their own IDS solutions. However, this could present new challenges like qualified human capital and additional resources for such projects. Costs of monitoring wireless IDS solutions normally increase as the size of the network also increases. A large network may require several sensors or other monitoring devices, which increase costs of developing and maintaining a wireless IDS solution. Effectiveness of a wireless IDS may depend on the expertise of the user and the extent of responses to detect threats (Mandia, Prosise Pepe, 2003, pp. 12-32). This process may require extensive experiences, resources, and expertise for effective response to threats. Responses must be both physical and logical in order to get hackers. Costs of a wireless IDS is prohibitive for small firms. In addition, they may not have the required human resources to implement and maintain such systems. Overall, a wireless IDS provides effective security solutions against intrusions. Conclusion Wireless intrusion detection and intrusion prevention solutions provide protection against potential attacks on the network. Implementing a nd maintaining a wireless IDS may have some drawbacks. Nevertheless, it offers effective network security against intrusions. It has abilities to detect different types of 802.11 threats, DoS, and analyze the system. Organizations with wireless policies and can enhance the effectiveness of wireless IDSs significantly. IDS does not offer total security solutions to networks. Instead, WLANs need other forms of security systems. A wireless IDS reinforces security features that already exist in a network. Users must recognize that technologies have focused on improving the use of wireless system. These changes bring about new complexities and security challenges. Thus, systems for detecting and reporting new threats can improve the effectiveness of a wireless network. References Base, R., Mell, P. (2001). Intrusion Detection Systems. Washington, DC: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Calabrese, T. (2003). Information Security Intelligence: Cryptographic Principles Applica tions. New York: Cengage Learning. Caswell, B., Beale, J., and Baker, A. (2007). Snort IDS and IPS Toolkit. Burlington, MA: Syngress. Hsieh, W., Lo, C., Lee, J., and Huang, L. (2004). The implementation of a proactive wireless intrusion detection system. Computer and Information Technology, 581- 586. Kent, K., Mell, P. (2006). SP 800-94, Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDP) Systems. Washington, DC: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Kent, K., Warnock, M. (2004). Intrusion Detection Tools Report (4th ed.). Herndon, VA: Information Assurance Technology Analysis Center. Low, C. (2005). Understanding wireless attacks detection. Bethesda, MD: The SANS Institute. Mandia, K., Prosise, C., Pepe, M. (2003). Introduction to the Incident Response Process. California: Osborne. Max, T. (2009). Information Assurance Tools Report – Intrusion Detection Systems (6th ed.). Herndon, VA: Information Assurance Technology Analysis Center. Rhodes-Ousley, M., Bragg, R., and Strassberg, K. (2003). Network Security: The Complete Reference. New York: McGraw-Hill. Trost, R. (2010). Practical Intrusion Analysis: Prevention and Detection for the Twenty- First Century. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Vladimirov, A., Gavrilenko, V., Mikhailovsky, A. (2004). Counterintelligence: Wireless IDS Systems. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Yang, H., Xie, L., Sun, J. (2004). Intrusion detection solution to wlans. Emerging Technologies. Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication, 2, 553-556.

Causes of the decline of the Devirme System Term Paper

Causes of the decline of the Devirme System - Term Paper Example The non-Muslim population in the empire and outside the empire therefore bore the blunt of the Ottoman rule, since they were targeted by the Sultan as well as other traders who used to offer them as slaves instead of paying taxes to the Sultan, or either as a gift to the Sultan. The youth offered for enslavement could either become military personnel in the kingdom, while others could be educated and trained to joining the janissaries in the Harem. This was the Sultan’s home or center of governing where all the activities of the Sultan occupied. The Devshirme system however collapsed later, due to many external influences, such as the modernization from the external world that crept into the Ottoman Empire before its collapse, and due to the inclusion of many foreigners in the Palace and in the empire as a whole. One factor that led to the collapse of the Devshirme system could be the conversion of many of the non-Muslims in the kingdom, into Islamic religion. Duiker and Spielvogel (337) explained that as a result of hostilities that was directed to the non Muslim inhabitants of the empire, many parents saw it necessary to convert to Islamic religion to save their families from being abducted by the powerful men who could afterwards offer them as gifts to the Sultan. Many of such youths had died in the wars, since they were trained and used for military purposes by the Sultan. It was therefore very disheartening and painful for parents to learn of their children’s death in the military activities. To avoid this, a good number of non Muslims as Duiker and Spielvogel (339) explained converted into Islamic religion. Since it was cultural not abduct the Islam professing inhabitants in the Devshirme practices, it therefore translated into declining of the possible abductees in the kingdom. The practice therefore faded gradually as the people converted into Islam, until it ended by the collapse of the Ottoman rule. In the

Perfect Competition and Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Perfect Competition and Monopoly - Essay Example These structures leave one benefitted and other worsen off. Economist offer infer that perfect competition is the right way to progress in the long run as it bring efficiency in the market however; detailed discussion and comparison is essential to reach a conclusion. (Baumol & Blinder, 2011) They can be compared on the following four characteristics. No. of firms Monopoly is an industry which is comprised of a single firm who is undeniably the price maker with extensive control over the market. He is known to maximize profit through controlling output in the market. He will increase the output only if his marginal revenue is greater than its marginal cost, which will ultimately result in maximization of profits. Utility service providers are a perfect example of monopoly. In contrast, perfect competition is an industry comprised of large number of small firms, each with absolutely no control over price. They are the price takers and follow price set by the demand and supply principl es. For instance, soybeans market in California is an example of perfect competition as there are many buyers and sellers and price is set where demand and supply meets. Available Substitutes: A monopoly firm produces a unique product which has no close substitutes. Monopoly being the sole producer of the product can control the market and influence price through this characteristic. There is hardly any other company providing railway services then one in county. This gives the company a monopoly power as no close substitute is available. In contrast, a perfectly competitive industry produces identical products with limited or no differentiation in products. This industry has infinite number of substitutes which are readily available in the market. This characteristic does not allow perfectly competitive firms to charge higher than the market price. Resource Mobility: Monopoly structure contains strong barriers to entry which is the prime reason for monopolies to exist. . Adding up, there are four primary advantages that allow the monopoly firm to enjoy power and restrict the other firms to enter the market. These are economies of scale, economies of slope, cost complementary and patents. This restricts any other player to enter the market even if abnormal profits are on offer. Pharmaceutical firms pay large sum of money to buy patents which restricts other manufacturers to enter the market. In contrast, perfectly competitive firms have absolute freedom to enter or exit the industry. There are no barriers for them which does not all this structure to enjoy abnormal profits as companies enter to reap profits when they notice a probability of such a scenario. If this scenario occurs, then firms will enter the market to reap those profits which will shift the supply curve to right as shown in the graph below. The supply curve shifts from S0 to S1 which will reduce the market price from P0 to P1 that would eventually result in dipping profits. On the other hand, i f the firm in short run incurs losses, it will leave the industry and force the supply curve to left or upward from S0 to S2 , which will increase market price from P0 to P2 and hence; the firm that remain in industry will enjoy increased profits (Lambert M. Surhone, 2010). This fluctuation will remain until average cost of product is equal to market price. S1 S0 P MC S2 AC Pe Pe = MR = MC Information: In a monopoly, the information obtained by the company is